"The President is authorized to enlist and employ in the Territories and Indian country a force of Indians not to exceed one thousand to act as scouts, who shall receive the pay and allowances of cavalry soldiers, and be discharged whenever the necessity for further employment is abated, at the discretion of the department commander." Recruitment of Indian scouts was first authorized on Jby an act of Congress. For many Indians it was an important form of interaction with European-American culture and their first major encounter with the Whites' way of thinking and doing things. Indian Scouts were officially deactivated in 1947 when their last member retired from the Army at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Pershing in 1916 on his expedition to Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa. Including those who accompanied General John J. The Scouts were active in the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Native Americans also fought on both sides during the American Civil War, as well as military missions abroad including the most notable, the Codetalkers who served in World War II. Colonists recruited Indian allies during such instances as the Pequot War from 1634–1638, the Revolutionary War, as well as in War of 1812. military conflicts since America's beginning. Native Americans have made up an integral part of U.S. Soldiers and Indian scouts take observations before the Battle of Big Dry Wash (1882)
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